Generalization

Generalization is when, based on several similar cases, we draw one general conclusion and obtain a broader but less detailed concept. In effect, we remove the minor differences and keep what they have in common. For example, after seeing a cat, a dog, and a horse, we notice that all of them are alive, breathe, and move, and we refer to them with one word — animals.

Another example is a geographic map. Generalization of its base means simplifying and generalizing the source map when creating new maps with the required scale and level of detail. In other words, a detailed base (many small objects, precise contours) is reworked: nonessential details (for the current task) are removed, lines are smoothed, and nearby objects are merged so that the map is easy to understand on screen or in print. For example, from a detailed city map that includes every alley and small building, a regional overview map may retain only the city as a point, the main roads, and the major districts.